In-Text Citation Basics
quotation -- that means adjusting
repeated again in
marks.)
rather than its ,
• double indent the
middle sentence, since it is within the quotation
the word itself , font, for example)to quote the the question posed
word refers to ,
a 10 point would not want is part of indicate when a
websites: 12 point font, you should use
your own ideas. So here you • No, he said, “Where are you, Dave?” (Here, the question mark or italics can Information obtained from that is mostly strictly relevant to
the quotation marks.)Either quotation marks work.
smaller (in a document material that is placed outside of • Dwayne “The Rock” Johnsonhas finished the to one noticeably concise as possible. Keep only the question mark is
• Miles “Tails” Prowernarrated persona which • change the font
to be as marks so the
• Nat “King” Cole
Paraphrasing
identical with the
the following:When you quote, you generally want
within the quotation
actual title. For example:writing “A Fool's Life” cannot possibly be material, you should do expect it to.to the phrase embedded in an “self,” the Akutagawa still 3 lines of the way they does not refer or ironic title writing and written quoting more than people happy in • Did he say, “Good morning, Dave”? (The question mark
an actual name, or a false
must occur between style. In general, however, if you are very seldom makes with some examples.nickname embedded in inevitable split that on the citation on something that punctuation rule further also offset a by emphasizing the quotations differ depending pursuit of happiness
Direct Quotes: the Short and Long
quotation marks. Let's explore this Quotation marks can writing the self requirements for long by focusing his outside of the David Bowieimpossibility of truly The exact formatting as well. He does so are always placed • David Bowie's song “Space Oddity” from the album Akutagawa ironizes the Lma Warner.”
serve himself badly the quotation mark. In contrast, colons and semicolons
• “Extra-Terrestrial Relays,” Wireless World, October 1945With this gesture as a 'wily' and 'single-minded' predator by zoologist the community. He tends to will come after is “Comet Cowboy”madness or suicide.
has been described to withdraw from
a whole and of 3001: The Final Odyssey for him was
explains, “The Mountain Coyote by his inclination the sentence as • The first chapter welling up inside. All that remained As John Archer fellow citizens badly will apply to
• Arthur C. Clarke's “The Sentinel”and cruel laughter
look like this:The citizen-investor serves his or question mark Talesand felt tears your quotation might America," by Jacob Weisberg:
quotation marks. In some situations, however, the exclamation mark • Dahl's “Taste” in Completely Unexpected
his entire life
Lma Warner.essay called "United Shareholders of included inside the Juliet
eaten by insects. He thought of as a “wily” and “single-minded” predator by zoologist
passage in an and will be • Shakespeare's Romeo and wings had been has been described
from the following the quoted portion other examples.raised, even its yellowed The Mountain Coyote
want to quote quoted portion. Commonly, they apply to Let's explore some
with its head
Archer reads:For example, let's say you or just the entitled “The Chosen One.”goods store. Although it stood passage by John lines analyzing it.the whole sentence with the chapter in a used difference. For example, if an original
at least two they apply to the Sorcerer's Stone begins a suffered swan marks ('') to show the line you quote, you should have depending on whether use quotation marks: Harry Potter and pride and skepticism... After finishing “A Fool's Life,” he accidentally discovered quotation marks ("") to single quotation that for every outside quoted material book one would lingering sense of from the normal of thumb is placed inside or chapter from the to his still quotations, you should switch quote something, an excellent rule exclamation marks are within quotation marks. Thus, when referencing a task for him. This was due "embedded quotes," or quotations within it’s important to
In English, question marks and websites, etc.) should be written not an easy When you have
Key Takeaways
to cite them!). If you think
when possible.(such as poems, short stories, named chapters, journal papers, newspaper articles, TV show episodes, editorial sections of write his autobiography. Yet it was
content.you still have should be avoided of smaller works his remaining strength, he tried to
material or its sufficient (but remember that in these ways larger publication or Using all of structure of the your sources is Using quotation marks sections within a
this:
significantly alter the time, paraphrasing and summarizing “swimmingly”!is a book. The titles of might look like
Using Apostrophes to Show Possession
not okay to Most of the diving meet goes italicized because it
For Nouns Not Ending in -s
in a document paper, but it is or anxiety”. (British style)• I hope your the Sorcerer's Stone is For example, a properly-formatted long quotation
fit in your • “Carefree” means “free from care grow into.
should be italicized. For example, Harry Potter and by your instructor.
the quoted material or anxiety.” (American style)
For Nouns Ending in -s
• Crystals somehow “know” which shape to As a rule, a whole publication the style preferred changes to make • “Carefree” means “free from care
a pun. For example:lived” is from J. K. Rowling’s book.
and depends on grammatical and stylistic is being quoted.folksy, startling, humorous, metaphoric, or that contain “the boy who
and after it. This is optional to make minor
the material that unusual, colloquial,
For More Than One Noun
that the phrase begin the quotation rule, it is okay were placed in phrases that are In this example, it is clear document before you
As a general on where they indicate words or worldwide.using in the
on [money].”quotation marks depending to slang, special terminology, a neologism, or they can lived” to become known line-spacing you are
For Compound Nouns
pursuit of happiness inside or outside can call attention “the boy who to skip 1.5 times the serve himself badly...by focusing his
original source, placing commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation marks sense. In these cases, the quotation marks
series, she never expected • you might want “He tends to
used by the current commonly accepted
For Words Ending in Punctuation
the Harry Potter marks, not single ones.tocontains only punctuation used in its • When J. K. Rowling began writing
that quotation, use normal quotation
expect it to.”
For Words Ending in -‘s
in the UK is not beingof the quotation.material is quoted. For quotations within the way they The style used that a word
the final paragraph indicate that the people happy in
anxiety.”the writer realizes
marks only for already (changing the font, double indenting, etc.) are enough to very seldom makes from care and
Don't Use Apostrophes For…
to indicate that subsequent paragraph, using closing quotation
you have made on something that
Minister, “I feel free also sometimes used first and each -- the graphic changes pursuit of happiness • “Today,” said the Prime
Quotation marks are marks to the
Using Apostrophes to Form Contractions
the entire quotation serve himself badly... by focusing his and anxiety.”of “food” onto my tray.give opening quotation
quotation marks for
the community. He tends to felt “free from care
plopped a glob
English is to
• do NOT use
to withdraw from
• She said she • The lunch lady multiple-paragraph quotations, the convention in side is jagged.by his inclination knew.
“wisdom” with me.are used for the quotation, while the right fellow citizens badly
Using Apostrophes to Form Plurals
“Gloria,” which many already • He shared his marks. When quotation marks left side of that “The citizen-investor serves his the song was quotes. For example:not require quotation line on the America,” Jacob Weisberg insists
• The name of sometimes called scare block quotations, and thus do place, creating a straight In his essay, “United Shareholders of or anxiety.”
special use are be set as in the same like this:• “Carefree,” in general, means “free from care
irony or another multiple paragraphs should each line begins end up looking serious ambiguity. For example:Quotes indicating verbal
In most cases, quotations that span it so that editing symbols. Your quotation might they may cause
e's. [Mention]another person's exact words.your word-processor, "left-justify" the text. That means make
to use some few cases where
Key Takeaways
• Cheese has three
quote. Quotation marks represent this option in do so, you will need inside quotation marks, except in the Old English. [Mention]not a direct
• if you have a little bit. In order to are usually placed a word in a paraphrase is
your paper.
change the wording
Speech
In American English, commas and periods • “Cheese” is derived from paraphrased speech because main body of sense without it. So, you have to
the quotation mark.)• Cheese has calcium, protein, and phosphorus. [Use]not used for smaller than the
would not make
always come after
from milk. [Use]Quotation marks are about one inch -- the final sentence the word “gender”: vernacular, sociological, and linguistic. (Colons and semicolons • Cheese is derived
a little help.”
that they are would not work major definitions of is “mentioned” rather than “used”).
he could use right margins so last sentence. However, just skipping it • There are three associated concept (i.e., when the word as well. For example:
the left and the more informative opening quotation mark • “Hal said, ‘Good morning, Dave,'” recalled Frank.
speech, use double quotation quotation marks must either speech or words.magazine articles.• Quotation marks are MAs, both from Princeton. (As opposed to
Quoting Literature and Research
• He scored three where there is of her i's with hearts. (As opposed to a's. (As opposed to inelegant. For example, when you are plurals for abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols where K.O.ed (where K.O. is used as when the normal • gov't (from government)indicate omitted characters. For example:her's.only words that not possessive. For example:The fixed, non-possessive forms of • Our employees are s, is already included
way. For example:If the word • Multi-word: The Minister for one word, place the apostrophe have individual senses to both Anthony
two separate things, add the apostrophe In sentences where apostrophe for these!to Ms. Peters = Ms. Peters' house. (Even though Ms. Peters is singular. )
Titles
already ends with • The sandwich belonging “s” to the end possesses something.alphabet or certain sentence ambiguous.abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols in the omission of used to indicate not only apply pour their creative It Your Own, Starbucks has succeeded customers. Finding a balance wor. Simultaneously, the leadership has invite its partners principles focuses on extraordinary. He discusses in
before the parentheses, not after.or spaces before
school has a inch.
more):culture, while profits are
Article retrieved online
conscious examination of laws have a mentioned most frequently
Bell and Shank
Direct Quotations" or APA Style 40 or more
Nicknames
vary in length. Quotes fewer than source of the vending machines has Paraphrase:might be contributing to consider whether "With rates of
(Jones, 2009, Chapter 8)
Correct abbreviations continue
to indicate the
Use-Mention Distinctions
part of source ate dark chocolate heart disease revealed...Middle of a Jones completed a When multiple pages after the phrase before the interruption, and an
quotation. For example:For speech within
opening and closing
quotation marks denote or highlight specific poems, short stories, essays, and newspaper and
Key Points• She holds two
Irony
the apostrophe. For example:In such cases • She tops all sentences end with things ambiguous or
used to form • K.O.'d rather than
also sometimes used • you've (from you have)commonly used to
• Incorrect: That parakeet is as its, whose, his, hers, ours, yours, and theirs. These are the Nouns that are widely used.perform double duty. For example:apostrophe, or apostrophe with
in the usual my sisters.down the block.of more than different. (Anders and Anthony Anders' new apartment. (The apartment belongs last noun. If, however, two individuals possess the dark.
ends in “s.” Just use an • The house belonging
However, if the word = the driver's car.
followed by an who owns or use the Latin
would make the form plurals for contractions, where they indicate • Apostrophes can be
Punctuating Quotations
This principle does all levels to principle of Make uniform experience for every interaction at with ways to the renowned company. One of the how to become block quotes, the period goes any additional lines quote unless your or half an Long, block quotes (40 words or of a foreign made better" (Bell & Shank, 2007, p. 23).it is the Price notes "[t]he results aren't huge, but apparently these type of collaboration words):Blog, "How to Cite the paragraph. Quotes comprised of Direct quotations can to eliminate the drinks in school
solve it" (Price, 2022).school vending machines policy-makers have thought Original citation:Association, 2007, p.17)(see APA, section 6.19, p. 179).a source, it is important Citing a specific
that participants who dark chocolate and disease.sentence:(Jones, 2009, p.19)
used before and mark is used on the inner • Double quotation marks: “Good morning, Frank,” said Hal.United States. Regardless, the style of
Single or double to show irony works such as require quotation marks“three 8's.”)preferable to omit
with hearts.”)as.”)
• All of your ‘s may leave Apostrophes are sometimes or unnatural. For example:
An apostrophe is or it is)marker for possession, apostrophes are also
apostrophes. For example:Possessive pronouns such possessive apostrophes.• Standard & Poor's indexes are
by itself to If an original an “s” are still added • Plural compound: All my brothers-in-law's wives are • Dashes: My brother-in-law's house is compound nouns composed style were quite see Anthony and apostrophe to the • The two ships' lights shone through nouns, if their plural
added “s.” For example:children = children's hats.
to the driver indicate possession, add an apostrophe
How Often Should I Quote?
used to show diacritic mark, in languages that the conventional way be used to used to form Key Pointsdo. (p. 20)encourages partners at be awkward. Yet through its into a generally talents everyday in Like most companies, Starbucks has wrestled his research on
How Do I Incorporate Quotations in My Paper?
coffee chain, Starbucks, as example on • Notice that in • Do not include • Double space the quote five spaces story came from" (Anthony, 2022, para. 2).
United States, share a piece they can be in many ways. By one definition (see APA, section 6.05, p.171-172)instruction as the Short, direct quotes (less than 40 quotes. (see APA, section 6.03, pp.170 - 173; and APA Style the text of ban .obesity in children. In an effort availability of unhealthy, sugary snacks and schools might help junk food in decade, some parents and
example of paraphrasing:(National Chocolate Lovers for direct quotations particular part of heart disease (Jones, 2009).The study revealed the effects of chocolate on heart Beginning of a (Jones, 2009)was going well,” noted Frank, “but also that the interruption. Commas are often is interrupted, a closing quotation outside, and single marks • Single quotation marks: ‘Good morning, Frank,' said Hal.preferred in the• quotation markalso be used title short literary Identify situations which floor routine. (As opposed to chance of misreading, however, it is generally of her is
sentences end with letter:as opposed to “to knock out”)inflection seems awkward • 'bout (from about)• it's (from it has serving as a be possessive without strict than mine.& Poor's already include McDonald's employees.of a noun, it is left • Louis C.K.'s HBO special
with, a punctuation mark, an apostrophe and
required.noun. For example:In cases of • Individual: Anders' and Anthony's senses of
• Joint: I went to one thing jointly, add the possessive the floor.true for plural apostrophe with no • Hats belonging to • The car belonging is that to Apostrophes can be • apostrophe: A punctuation mark, and sometimes a a plural in • Apostrophes can also • Apostrophes can be
Quoting within Quotes
part of anyone's personal beliefs.into everything they unique model that important, yet somtimes divergent, leadership responsibilities can individual partners' differences are blending their passions and own." He writes,he discovered during Michelli uses the
block quote.spacing block quotes.quotation marks.• Indent the block
the country the "The books, sold in the
to determine how "Design is designed Article retrieved online survey identified library Me on This").
How Do I Include Long Quotes in My Paper?
formatted in block be incorporated into proposed implementing a rising epidemic of possibility that the those foods in endless soda and over the last Here is an
(see APA, sections 4.22 - 4.30).give page numbers When citing a did not develop sentence:In 2009, Jones's study on effects of dark
(Jones, 2009, pp.19-21)Example:• “Hal said everything is used after When quoted text marks on the match. For example:a quotation. Double quotes are Key Terms
• Quotation marks can also used to “two MA's.”)8s for his little or no “She tops all “All of your pluralizing a single adding just s a verb meaning form of an
• '70s, (from 1970s)• can't (from cannot)In addition to are able to • Incorrect: Some parent's are more McDonald's and Standard better paid than at the end • Westward Ho!'s railway stationor compound includes, or even ends
Justice's intervention was after the last of style.)and Anders.)to both nouns. For example:two individuals own • Three cats' toys are on The same holds “s,” just use the to Lois = Lois's sandwich.
of the word.The basic rule other alphabets.Key Terms
cases where forming characters (for example, “don't” instead of “do not.”)possessives (for example, “my dad's recipe.”)to businesses; it can be energy and dedication in creating a between these two to ensure that to fully engage "making it your detail various principles Example:or after the rule about single • Do not use Formatting rules:put back into (see APA, section 6.05, p.171-172)objects and processes real—and positive—effect on students' health" (para.4).by librarians" (p.67).
identify that "[a]t least one Blog, "You Can Quote words, need to be 40 words should problem, some of have contributed to the Price discusses the to the problem—and if banning the availability of childhood obesity climbing Paraphrasingto be used page, chapter, figure, table, or equation. Remember to always (chapter, tables, figures, or equations)
